Lung transplantation is an established treatment option for patients of end-stage lung diseases. Leading indica­tions include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiectasis, pulmonary arterial hypertension. Living donor lung transplantation (LDLT) was indicated for patients who experience a decline in physical condition and have limited life expectancy and had the better result than from brain dead. The first case of LDLT in Vietnam is 7 year olds boy with difuse congenital bronchiectasis, chronic respiratory failure and cor pulmonale. The right and left lower lobes from father and relative uncle are implanted in a recipient in place of whole right and left lung. The initial result of this recipient showed that lung function recuperated quickly and had no early complications. After 12 months surgery, the recipient had normal physical exercise capacity, subclinical tests in normal limits and no respiratory symptoms, opportunistic infection. Show less

Vitamin D deficiency is known to affect bone healing 1. In this case report, the potential link between vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus deficiency and periapical lesions is explored, offering fresh insights into the complex relationship between systemic health and dental pathology. This pathology is caused by a mutation in the PHEX gene on chromosome X, which encodes a protein necessary for vitamin D synthesis and phosphate reabsorption, which are essential for the mineralization of bone and teeth 23. A 25-year-old man with rickets and vitamin D deficiency presented to our clinic with recurrent abscesses in multiple teeth. Radiographic imaging revealed periapical lesions on multiple teeth with advanced endo-perio lesions on teeth 26 and 16, and a negative cold test on all his teeth. Despite successful endodontic treatment, the patient’s compromised metabolic healing raised concerns about the prognosis. This case report highlights the intricate interplay between vitamin and mineral deficiencies and dental health, emphasizing the need for cautious management and long-term follow-up. Show less

Background/Objectives The etiology and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases are incompletely understood, and the treatments largely ineffective. A unifying theory that explains otherwise poorly understood observations may help to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Methods Here is proposed a unifying theory of neurodegenerative disease, the Pr2 theory, describing the origin, pathophysiology, optimal evaluation and treatment of patients, explanation of observations not explained by previous theories, and implications for further research and translation. The theory proposes that neurodegenerative diseases represent network insufficiencies, networks jeopardized by antagonistic pleiotropy. Through repeated evolutionary selection for performance over durability, highly functional and finely tuned neural subnetworks subserving key survival features such as lethal force and behavioral modification have evolved at the expense of durability and reserve. The Pr2 theory focuses on the physiology associated with the causes of neurodegeneration rather than the pathology that is largely reactive but has been the focus of the lion’s share of the research and attempted treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Results Initial translation of the Pr2 theory to a precision medicine approach to cognitive decline has led to superior outcomes compared to other therapeutic approaches, and at least in some cases, sustained improvement for over a decade has been achieved. Conclusions The proposed theory explains key features of neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology and suggests novel therapeutic targets. Initial predictions have been validated in two proof-of-concept trials and one randomized controlled trial for patients with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage dementia. Show less